George Bennett
E. Dell Butcher Professor of Biochemistry and Cell Biology
The laboratory focuses on genetic engineering of metabolic pathways of microbes for production of biofuels and chemicals. 
In order to construct an effective biocatalyst and carry out effective modification of the metabolic pattern of cells, knowledge of the native regulatory processes, enzymes and pathways of the microbe must be understood. We study the responses of bacteria to stresses either encountered in nature or in an industrial fermentor, such as pH, oxygen limitation or salt concentration. These fundamental studies have developed our approaches to metabolic engineering: cofactor engineering-the modification of the availability of redox factors such as NADH; the “cellular refinery” approach of producing multiple compatible products during a process; and the modeling and use of available genetic resources from the large genomic and biochemical databases for optimal metabolic performance.
Other areas of research involve Clostridium acetobutylicum where we seek to understand and manipulate genes related to butanol production. Efforts are also under way to study the genetic and biochemical basis of biodegradation of nitroaromatic and other hazardous compounds by this soil bacterium. Development of novel DNA technology for assembling gene constructs and introducing multiple chromosomal changes to enhance microbial genetic engineering via “synthetic biology” is also an ongoing project.
Publications
Zhu, J., Thakker, C., Bennett, G. N., San, K.Y. Culture condition optimizations for the production of succinate in fed-batch cultures using a metabolic engineered Escherichia coli strain.
Martinez, I., Lee, A., Bennett, G. N., San, K. Y Effect of culture conditions on succinate pproduction by a high succinate producing Escherichia coli strain. Biotechnology & Bioengineering
George N. Bennett and Ka -Yiu San Enzyme and Co-factor Engineering: Current trends and Future Prospects in the Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries. Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology (third edition), Ch. 8
Heath AP, Bennett GN, Kavraki LE Finding metabolic pathways using atom tracking. Bioinformatics, 26: 1548-1555
Thakker, C., Zhu, J., Bennett, G. N., San, K. Y. Heterologous pyc expression under various promoters and through promoter engineering in a high succinate producing recombinant E. coli strain. Journal of Biotechnology
Heath, A. P., Bennett, G. N., Kavraki, L. E. Identifying branched metabolic pathways by merging linear metabolic pathways. RECOMB 2011
Sullivan, L., Bennett, G.N. Local structural features of the Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC825 butyrate kinase isozymes distinguish their enzymatic properties.
Lee, J.,Jang, Y. S., Song, H., Cho, J. H., Seung, D. Y., Papoutsakis, E. T., Bennett, G. N.,and Lee, S. Y. Metabolic engineering of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC824 for isopropanol-butanol-ethanol fermentation. Applied Environ. Microbiol.
Dittrich, C.R., Bennett, G.N., San, K.Y. Metabolic engineering of the anaerobic central metabolic pathway in Escherichia coli for the simultaneous anaerobic production of isoamyl acetate and succinic acid. Biotechnology Progress
Nikel, P.I., Zhu, J., San, K.Y. Mendez, B.S., Bennett, G.N. Metabolic flux analysis of Escherichia coli creB and arcA mutants reveals shared control of carbon catabolism under microaerobic growth conditions.
Martínez I, Bennett GN, San KY Metabolic impact of the level of aeration during cell growth on anaerobic succinate production by an engineered Escherichia coli strain. Metab Eng, 12: 499-509
Park, Y.C., Shaffer, C.E.H., Bennett, G.N. Microbial formation of esters. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Lee J, Jang YS, Choi SJ, Im JA, Song H, Cho JH, Seung do Y, Papoutsakis ET,
Bennett GN, Lee SY
Metabolic engineering of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824
for isopropanol-butanol-ethanol fermentation. Appl Environ Microbiol., 78(5) 2012 Mar: 1416-23
Thakker, C., Martinez, I. San, K. Y. and Bennett G. N. Succinate production in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol J. , 7(2) 2012 Feb: 213-24
Cai X, Servinsky M, Kiel J, Sund C, Bennett GN Analysis of redox responses
during TNT transformation by Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 and mutants exhibiting altered metabolism. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2012
Thakker C, San KY, Bennett GN
Production of succinic acid by engineered E. coli strains using soybean carbohydrates as feedstock under aerobic fermentation conditions. Bioresour Technol., 130C 2012: 398-405
Heath, A. P., Bennett, G. N., Kavraki, L. E. An algorithm for efficient identification of branched metabolic pathways. Journal of Computational Biology, 18 2011: 1575-1597
Cai X, Bennett GN Improving the Clostridium acetobutylicum butanol fermentation by engineering the strain for co-production of riboflavin. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol, 38 2011: 1013-1025
Zhu, J. Sanchez, A., Bennett, G. N., & San K. Y. Manipulating respiratory levels in Escherichia coli for aerobic formation of reduced chemical products. Metabolic Engineering, 13 2011: 704-712
Wang, J., Zhu, J., Gennett, G. N., San K. Y. Succinate production from different carbon sources under anaerobic conditions by metabolic engineered Escherichia coli strains. Metabolic Engineering, 13 2011: 328-335
Wang, J., Zhu, J., Gennett, G. N., San K. Y. Succinate production from sucrose by metabolic engineered Escherichia coli strains under aerobic conditions. Biotechnology Progress, 27 2011: 1242-1247
Bennett, G.N. and San, K.-Y., "Engineering E. coli central metabolism for enhanced primary metabolite production," Chapter 17 in Systems Biology and Biotechnology of Escherichia coli, Lee, S. Y. (ed.), Springer Publishing (2009), 351-376.
Portle, S., Adevaia, S., San, K.Y., Bennett, G. N., Mantzaris, N. Environmentally modulated changes in fluorescence distribution in cells with oscillatory genetic network dynamics. J Biotechnol, 140 2009: 203-217
Iyer, A.V., Blinkova, A.L., Yang, S.-Y., Harrison, M., Tepp, W.T., Jacobson, M.J., Johnson, E.A., Bennett, G.N., and Walker, J.R. Clostridium taeniosporum Is a Close Relative of the Clostridium botulinum Group II. Anaerobe 2008In Press
Scotcher, M.C., and Bennett, G.N. Activity of abrB310 Promoter in Wild Type and spo0A-deficient Strains of Clostridium acetobutylicum. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol, 35 2008: 743-750
Singh, R., Vadlani, P.V., Harrison, M. L., Bennett, G.N., San, K.-Y Aerobic Production of Isoamyl Acetate by Overexpression of the Yeast Alcohol Acetyl-transferase AFT1 and AFT2 in Escherichia coli and Using Low-cost Fermentation Ingredients. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 31 2008: 299-306
Bennett G. N., & San, K.-Y. Engineering E. coli Central Metabolism for Enhanced Primary Metabolite Production. Chaper 17 in Systems Biology and Biotechnology of E. coli 2008: 351-375
Wong, M.S., Causey, T.B., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y Engineering Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Copolymer Composition in E. coli. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 99 2008: 919-928
Sullivan, L., Scotcher, M.C., and Bennett, G.N, Increased biofuel production by metabolic engineering of Clostridium acetobutylicum. Microbial Biofuel Conversion: Microbial Contributions to Alternative Fuel 2008: 361-376
Wong, M.S., Wu, S., Causey, T.B., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y. Reduction of Acetate Accumulation in Escherichia coli Cultures for Increased Recombinant Protein Production. Metabolic Engineering, 10 2008: 97-108
Martínez, I., Zhu, J., Lin, H., Bennett, G.N., San, K.-Y. Replacing Escherichia coli NAD-dependent Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) with a NADP-dependent Enzyme from Clostridium acetobutylicum Facilitates NADPH Dependent Pathways. Metabolic Engineering, Epub Sept 23 2008
Heath, A.P., Bennett, G.N., and Kavraki, L.E. Visualizing the Results of Metabolic Pathway Queries. 2008In Press
Singh, R., Vadlani, P.V., Harrison, M.L., Bennett, G.N., and San K.-Y. Aerobic production of isoamyl acetate by overexpression of the yeast alcohol acetyl-transferase AFT1 and AFT2 in Escherichia coli and using low-cost fermentation ingredients. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering 2007In Press
Sullivan, L., Paredes, C.J., Papoutsakis, E.T., and Bennett, G.N. Analysis of the clostridial hydrophobic with a conserved W family (ChW) of proteins in Clostridium acetobutylicum with emphasis on chw14 and chw16/17. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 42 2007: 29-43
Portle, S., Causey, T.B., Wolf, K., Bennett, G.N., San, K.-Y., and Mantzaris, N. Cell population heterogeneity in expression of a gene-switching network with fluorescent markers of different half-lives. J. Biotechnol., 128 2007: 362-375
Kutty, R., and Bennett, G.N. Characterization of a novel ferredoxin with N-terminal extension from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. Arch. Microbiol., 187 2007: 161-169
Park, Y.C., San, K.-Y., and Bennett, G.N. Characterization of alcohol dehydrogenase 1 and 3 from Neurospora crassa FGSC2489. Appl. Microbiology Biotechnology, 76 2007: 349-356
Wong, M.S., Causey, T.B., Mantzaris, N., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y. Engineering poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) copolymer composition in E. coli. Biotechnol. Bioeng 2007In Press
Wong, M.S., Wu, S., Causey, T.B., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y. Reduction of acetate production in Escherichia coli for increased recombinant protein production. 2007In Press
Zhu, J., Levanon, S.S., Bennett, G., and San, K.-Y. The YfiD protein contributions to the pyruvate formate-lyase flux in an E. coli arcA mutant strain. Biotechnol. Bioeng, 97 2007: 138-143
Oh, Y., Varmanen, P., Han, X.-Y., Bennett, G., Xu, Z., Lu, T., and Palva, A. Lactobacillus plantarum for oral peptide delivery. Oral Microbiology and Immunology, 21 2006: 1-5
Peercy, B.E., Cox, S.J., Shalel-Levanon, S., San, K.-Y., and Bennett, G. A kinetic model of oxygen regulation of cytochrome production in Escherichia coli. J. Theoretical Biol., 242 2006: 546-563
Lin, H., Castro, N.M., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y. Acetyl-CoA synthetase overexpression in Escherichia coli demonstrates more efficient acetate assimilation and lower acetate accumulation: A potential tool in metabolic engineering. Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, 71 2006: 870-874
Sanchez, A.M., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y. Batch culture characterization and metabolic flux analysis of efficient succinate-producting Escherichia coli strains. Metab. Eng., 8 2006: 209-226
Park, Y.C., Choi, J.H., Bennett, G.N., and Seo, J.H. Characterization of d-ribose biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis JY200 deficient in transketolase gene. J. Biotechnology, 121 2006: 508-516
Dittrich, C.R., San, K.-Y., and Bennett, G.N. Cofactors in metabolic engineering of ester production. Proceedings of the American Chemical Society Symposium on Genetic Engineering in Flavor Chemistry: Applications and Potentials, ACS Press 2006In Press
Cox, S.J., Shelel Levanon, S., Sanchez, A., Lin, H., Peercy, B., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y. Development of a metabolic network design and optimization framework incorporating implementation constraints: A succinate production case study. Metab. Eng., 8 2006: 46-57
Sánchez, A.M., Andrews, J., Hussein, I., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y. Effect of overexpression of a soluble pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase (UdhA) on the production of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol. Prog., 22 2006: 420-425
Shalel Levanon, S., San, K.-Y., and Bennett, G.N. Effect of oxygen on the Escherichia coli ArcA and FNR regulation systems and metabolic responses. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 89 2006: 556-564
Zhu, J., Levanon, S.S., Bennett, G., and San, K.-Y. Effect of the global redox sensing/regulation networks on Escherichia coli and metabolic flux distribution based on C-13 labeling experiments. Metab. Eng., 8 2006: 619-627
Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y. Enzyme and co-factor engineering and their applications in the pharmaceutical and fermentation industries. Chapter 8, Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology 2nd edition, (E.M.T. El-Mansi, ed.), Taylor & Francis Pub., Oxford UK 2006: 217-248
Horton, C.E., and Bennett, G.N. Ester production in E. coli and C. acetobutylicum. Enzyme & Microbial Technology, 38 2006: 368-376
Singh, R., Yang, Y.-T., Lu, B., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y. Expression of the pfl gene and resulting metabolite flux distribution in nuo and ackA-pta E. coli mutant strains. Biotechnol. Prog., 22 2006: 898-29
Park, Y.C., Yun, N.R., San, K.-Y., and Bennett, G.N. Molecular cloning and characterization of the alcohol dehydrogenase ADH1 gene of Candida utilis ATCC 9950. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 33 2006: 1032-1036
Sullivan, L., and Bennett, G.N. Proteome analysis and comparison of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC824 and Spo0A strain variants. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 33 2006: 298-308
Kutty, R., and Bennett, G.N. Studies on inhibition of transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by Fe-only hydrogenase from Clostridium acetobutylicum. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 33 2006: 368-276
Kutty, R., and Bennett, G.N. Biochemical characterization of trinitrotoluene transforming oxygen-insensitive nitroreductases from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. Arch. Microbiol., 184 2005: 158-167
Ahmad, F., Hughes, J.B., and Bennett, G.N. Biodegradation of hazardous materials by Clostridia. Handbook on Clostridia, Chap. 38 (P. Durre, ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida 2005: 831-854
Zhang, C., and Bennett, G.N. Biodegradation of xenobiotics by anaerobic bacteria. Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, 67 2005: 600-618
Dittrich, C.R., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y. Characterization of the acetate-producing pathways in Escherichia coli. Biotechnology Progress, 21 2005: 1062-1067
Ali, M.K., Rudolph, F.B., and Bennett, G.N. Characterization of thermostable Xyn10A enzyme from mesophilic Clostridium acetobutylicum strain ATCC 824. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 32 2005: 12-18
Lin, H., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y. Chemostat culture characterization of Escherichia coli mutant strains metabolically engineered for aerobic succinate production: A study of the modified metabolic network based on metabolite profile, enzyme activity, and gene expression profile. Metabolic Engineering, 7 2005: 337-352
Lin, H., Bennett, GN., and San, K.-Y. Effect of Sorghum vulgare phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and Lactococcus lactis pyruvate carboxylase on metabolite production in Escherichia coli. Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, 67 2005: 515-523
Shalel-Levanon, S., San, K.-Y., and Bennett, G.N. Effect of ArcA and FNR on the expression of genes related to the oxygen regulation and the glycolysis pathway in Escherichia coli under microaerobic growth conditions. Biotechnology Bioengineering, 92 2005: 147-159
Lin, H., Bennett, GN., and San, K.-Y. Effect of carbon sources differing in oxidation state and transport route on succinate production in metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 32 2005: 87-93
Sanchez, A.M., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y. Effect of different levels of NADH availability on metabolic fluxes of Escherichia coli chemostat cultures in defined medium. J. Biotechnol., 117 2005: 395-405
Shalal Levanon, S., San, K.-Y., and Bennett, G.N. Effect of oxygen on the E. coli ArcA and FNR regulation systems and metabolic responses. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 89 2005: 556-564
Shalel-Levanon, S., San, K.-Y., and Bennett, G.N. Effect of oxygen, and ArcA and FNR regulators on the expression of genes related to the electron transfer chain and the TCA cycle in Escherichia coli. Metabolic Engineering, 7 2005: 364-374
Sanchez, A.M., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y. Efficient succinate acid production from glucose through overexpression of pyruvate carboxylase in an Escherichia coli alcohol dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase mutant. Biotechnology Progress, 21 2005: 358-365
Vadali, R.V., Fu. Y., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.Y. Enhanced lycopene productivity by manipulation of carbon flow to isopentenyl diphosphate in Escherichia coli. Biotechnology Progress, 21 2005: 1558-1561
Yun, N.-R., San, K.-Y., and Bennett, G.N. Enhancement of lactate and succinate formation in adhE or pta-ackA mutants of NADH dehydrogenase-deficient Escherichia coli. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 99 2005: 1404-1412
Scotcher, M.C., Rudolph, F.B., and Bennett, G.N. Expression of abrB310 and sinR, and effects of decreased abrB310 expression on the transition from acidogenesis to solventogenesis, in Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC824. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 71 2005: 1987-1995
Lin, H., Bennett, GN., and San, K.-Y. Fed batch culture of a metabolically engineered Escherichia coli strain designed for high level succinate production and yield under aerobic conditions. Biotechnology Bioengineering, 90 2005: 775-779
Lin, H., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y. Genetic reconstruction of the aerobic central metabolism in Escherichia coli for the absolute aerobic production of succinate. Biotechnology & Bioengineering, 89 2005: 148-156
Cox, S.J., Shalel Levanon, S., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y. Genetically constrained metabolic flux analysis. Metabolic Engineering, 7 2005: 445-456
Zhao, Y., Tomas, C.A., Rudolph, F.B., Papoutsakis, E.T., and Bennett, G.N. Intracellular butyryl phosphate and acetyl phosphate concentrations in Clostridium acetobutylicum and implications for solvent formation. Appl. Environ. Micro., 71 2005: 530-537
Lin, H., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y. Metabolic engineering of aerobic succinate production systems in Escherichia coli to improve process productivity and achieve the maximum theoretical succinate yield. Metabolic Engineering, 7 2005: 116-127
Sanchez, A.M., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y. Novel pathway engineering design of the anaerobic central metabolic pathway in Escherichia coli to increase succinate yield and productivity. Metabolic Engineering, 7 2005: 229-239
Sullivan, L., and Bennett, G.N. Proteome analysis and comparison of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 and Spo0A strain variants. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2005In Press
Dittrich, C.R., Vadali, R.V., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y. Redistribution of metabolic fluxes in the central aerobic metabolic pathway of E. coli mutant strains with deletion of the ackA-pta and poxB pathways for the synthesis of isoamyl acetate. Biotechnology Progress, 21 2005: 627-631
Scotcher, M.C., and Bennett, G.N. SpoIIE regulates sporulation but does not directly affect solventogenesis in Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC824. J. Bacteriol., 187 2005: 1930-1936
Kutty, R., and Bennett, G.N. Studies on inhibition of transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by Fe-hydrogenase from Clostridium acetobutylicum. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2005In Press
Kutty, R., Rudolph, F.B., and Bennett, G.N. Transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by Fe-hydrogenase from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC824: Relevance to mechanism of catalysis. Proceedings Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds: The Fourth International Conference, May 24-27, 2004, Monterey, California, Battelle Press, Columbus, OH 2005
Vadali, R.V., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y. Applicability of CoA/acetyl-CoA manipulation system to enhance isoamyl acetate production in Escherichia coli. Metabolic Engineering, 6 2004: 294-299
Vadali, R.V., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y. Cofactor engineering of CoA/Acetyl-CoA and its effect on metabolic flux redistribution in Escherichia coli. Metabolic Eng., 6 2004: 133-139
Lin, H., Bennett, GN., and San, K.-Y. Effect of Sorghum phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and Lactococcus lactis pyruvate carboxylase on metabolite production in Escherichia coli. Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology 2004In Press
Berrios-Rivera, S.J., Sanchez, A.M., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y. Effect of different levels of NADH availability on metabolite distribution in Escherichia coli on minimal and complex media. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 65 2004: 426-432
Vadali, R.V., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y. Enhanced isoamyl acetate production upon manipulation of the acetyl-CoA node in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol. Prog., 20 2004: 692-697
San, K.-Y., and Bennett, G.N. Expression systems for DNA processes. Encyclopedia of Molecular Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine: Vol. 4 (R.A. Meyers, ed), Wiley-VCH, Wieuheim, Germany 2004: 355-377
Lin, H., Vadali, R.V., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y. Increasing the acetyl-CoA pool in the presence of overexpressed phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase or pyruvate carboxylase enhances succinate production in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol. Prog., 20 2004: 1599-1604
Vadali, R.V., Horton, C.E., Rudolph, F.B., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.Y. Production of isoamyl acetate in ackA-pta and/or ldh mutants of Escherichia coli with overexpression of yeast ATF2. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 63 2004: 698-704
Ali, M.K., Rudolph, F.B., and Bennett, G.N. Thermostable xylanase10B from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC824. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 31 2004: 229-234
Watrous, M.M., Clark, S., Kutty, R., Huang, S., Rudolph, F.B., Hughes, J.B., and Bennett, G.N., 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene reduction by an Fe-only hydrogenase in Clostridium acetobutylicum. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69 2003: 1542-1547
Kim, H.-Y., Bennett, G.N., and Song, H.-G. Degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by Enterobacter sp. strain C1 isolated from activated sludge. Biotechnology Letters, 24 2003: 2023-2028
Zhao, Y., Hindorff, L.A., Chuang, A., Monroe-Augustus, M., Lyristis, M., Harrison, M., Rudolph, F.B., and Bennett, G.N. Expression of a cloned cyclopropane fatty acid synthase gene reduces solvent formation in Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69 2003: 2831-2841
Horton, C.E., Huang, K.-X., Bennett, G.N., and Rudolph, F.B., Heterologous expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcohol acetyltransferase genes in Clostridium acetobutylicum and Escherichia coli for the production of isoamyl acetate. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 30 2003: 427-432
Padda, R.S., Wang, C., Hughes, J.B., Kutty, R., and Bennett, G.N. Mutagenicity of nitroaromatic degradation compounds. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 22 2003: 2293-2297
Vadali, R.V., Horton, C.E., Rudolph, F.B., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.Y. Production of isoamyl acetate in ackA-pta and/or ldh mutants of Escherichia coli with overexpression of yeast ATF2. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2003: Epub ahead of print
Wang, C., Lyon, D.Y., Hughes, J.B., and Bennett, G.N. Role of hydroxylamino-intermediates in the phytotransformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in Myriophyllum aquaticum. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 37 2003: 3595-5600
Scotcher, M., Huang, K.-X., Harrison, M.L., Rudolph, F.B., and Bennett, G.N. Sequences affecting the regulation of solvent formation in Clostridium acetobutylicum. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 30 2003: 414-420
Berrios-Rivera, S.J., San, K.-Y., and Bennett, G.N. The effect of carbon sources and lactate dehydrogenase deletion on 1,2-propanediol production in Escherichia coli. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 30 2003: 34-40
Oh, Y., Osato, M.S., Han, X., Bennett, G., and Hong, W.K. Folk yoghurt kills Helicobacter pylori. J. Appl. Microbiol., 93 2002: 1083-1088
Berrios-Rivera, S.J., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli through genetic manipulation of NADH availability. Metabolic Engineering, 4 2002: 217-229
San, K.-Y., Bennett, G.N., Berrios-Rivera, S.J., Vadali, R.V., Yang, Y.-T., Horton, E., Rudolph, F.B., Sariyar, B., and Blackwood, K. Metabolic engineering through cofactor manipulation and its effects on metabolic flux redistribution in Escherichia coli. Metabolic Eng., 4 2002: 182-192
Berrios-Rivera, S.J., San, K.-Y., and Bennett, G.N. The effect of NAPRTase overexpression on the total levels of NAD, NADH/NAD+ ratio, and the distribution of metabolites in Escherichia coli. Metabolic Engineering, 4 2002: 238-247
Berrios-Rivera, S.J., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y. The effect of manipulating NADH availability on the redistribution of metabolic fluxes in Escherchia coli chemostat cultures. Metabolic Engineering, 4 2002: 230-237
Wardwell, S.A., Yang, Y.T., Chang, H.Y., San, K.Y., Rudolph, F.B., and Bennett, G.N. Expression of the Klebsiella pneumoniae CG21 Acetoin Reductase Gene in Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 27 2001: 220-227
Tummala, S.B., Tomas, C., Harris, L.M., Welker, N.E., Rudolph, F.B., Bennett, G.N., and Papoutsakis, E.T. Genetic Tools for Solventogenic Clostridia. In Clostridia - Biotechnology and Medical Applications (H. Bahl, P. Durre, eds.), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany 2001: 105-123
Nolling, J., Breton, G., Omelchenko, M.V., Makarova, K.S., Zeng, Q., Gibson, R., Lee, H.M., Dubois, J., Qiu, D., Hitti, J., Wolf, Y.I., Tatusov, R.L., Sabathe, F., Doucette-Stamm, L., Soucaille, P., Daly, M.J., Bennett, G.N., Koonin, E.V., Smith, D.R. Genome Sequence and Comparative Analysis of the Solvent-producing Bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum. J. Bacteriol., 183 2001: 4823-1438
Bennett, G.N., and San, K-Y. Microbial Formation, Biotechnological Production and Applications of 1,2-Propanediol. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 55 2001: 1-9
Yang, Y.-T., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y. The Effects of Feed and Intracellular Pyruvate Levels on the Redistribution of Metabolic Fluxes in Escherichia coli. Metabolic Engineering, 3 2001: 115-123
Huang, S., Lindahl, P.A., Wang, C., Bennett, G.N., Rudolph, F.B., and Hughes, J.B. 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Reduction by Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase from Clostridium thermoaceticum. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 66 2000: 1474-1478
Loke, H.-K., Bennett, G.N., and Lindahl, P.A. Active Acetyl-CoA Synthase from Clostridium thermoaceticum Obtained by Cloning and Heterologous Expression of acsAB in Escherichia coli. Proc. National Acad. Sci. USA, 97 2000: 12530-12535
Lyristis, M., Boynton, Z.L., Petersen, D., Kan, Z., Bennett, G.N., and Rudolph, F.B. Cloning, Sequencing and Characterization of the Gene Encoding Flagellin, flaC, and the Post-translational Modification of the Flagellin from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. Anaerobe, 6 2000: 69-79
Berrios-Rivera, S.J., Yang, Y.-T., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y. Effect of Glucose Analog Supplementation on Metabolic Flux Distribution in Anaerobic Chemostat Cultures of Escherichia coli. J. Metabolic Engineering, 2 2000: 149-154
Yang, Y.-T., Peredelchuk, M., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y. Effect of Variation of Klebsiella pneumoniae Acetolactate Synthase Expression on Metabolic Flux Redistribution in Escherichia coli. Biotechnology & Bioengineering, 20 2000: 150-159
Tyurin, M., Padda, R., Huang, K., Wardwell, S., Caprette, D., and Bennett, G.N. Electrotransformation of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 Using High-voltage Radio Frequency Modulated Square Pulses. J. Applied Bacteriol., 88 2000: 220-227
Huang, K.-x, Huang, S., Rudolph, F.B., and Bennett, G.N. Identification and Characterization of a Second Butyrate kinase from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. J. Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2 2000: 33-38
Padda, R.S., Wang, C.Y., Hughes, J.B., and Bennett, G.N. Mutagenicity of Trinitotoluene and its Metabolites Formed During Anaerobic Degradation by Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 19 2000: 2871-2875
Huang, K.-x., Rudolph, F.B., and Bennett, G.N. Characterization of Methylglyoxal Synthase from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 and Its Use in the Formation of 1,2-Propanediol. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 65 1999: 3244-3247
Yang, Y.-T., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y. Effect of Inactivation of nuo and ackA-pta on Redistribution of Metabolic Fluxes in Escherichia coli. Biotech. Bioengineering, 65 1999: 291-297
Aristidou, A.A., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y. Improvement of Biomass Yield and Recombinant Gene Expression in Escherichia coli by Using Fructose as the Primary Carbon Source. Biotech. Prog., 15 1999: 140-145
Papoutsakis, E.T., and Bennett, G.N. Metabolic Engineering of Clostridium acetobutylicum. 1999: 253-279
Yang, Y.-T., San, K.-Y., and Bennett, G.N. Metabolic Flux Analysis of E. coli Deficient in the Acetate Production Pathway and Expressing the B. subtilis Acetolactate Synthase. Metabolic Engineering, 1 1999: 26-34
Aristidou, A.A., Bennett, G.N., and San, K.-Y. Metabolic Flux Analysis of E. coli Expressing the B. subtilis ALS in Batch and Continuous Cultures. Biotech. Bioeng., 63 1999: 737-749
Huang, K-x., Scott, A.I., and Bennett, G.N. Overexpression, Purification and Characterization of the Thermostable Mevalonate Kinase from Methanococcus jannaschii. Protein Expression and Purification, 17 1999: 33-40
Yang, Y.-T., San, K.-Y., and Bennett, G.N. Redistribution of Metabolic Fluxes in Escherichia coli with LDHA Overexpression and Deletion. Metabolic Eng., 1 1999: 141-152
Nair, R.V., Green, E.M., Watson, D.E., Bennett, G.N., and Papoutsakis, E.T. Regulation of the Sol Locus Genes for Butanol and Acetone Formation in Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 by a Putative Transcriptional Repressor. J. Bacteriol., 181 1999: 319-330